Description
- OS : OpenBSD 6.x
Since OpenBSD 6.0, wxallowed is a mount option, by default on /usr/local.
If the partition has this option, the software is allowed to run from that
partition, otherwise it won’t be able to run and will issue a W^X violation
message:
:$ dmesg | grep wxallowed
/home/hs/.local/share/virtualenvs/mybeautifullproject-q1koN8ay/bin/python3(26392): W^X binary outside wxallowed mountpoint
In fact, since only /usr/local had this actived option, if you attempt
to run one program, by example on your $HOME, this one will not execute.
That’s the whole problem with Python environments that need to work in
your home directory.
Here the problem with virtualenv:
:$ virtualenv mybeautifullproject
Using base prefix '/usr/local'
New python executable in $HOME/python/mybeautifullproject.py/mybeautifullproject/bin/python3
Also creating executable in $HOME/python/mybeautifullproject.py/mybeautifullproject/bin/python
ERROR: The executable $HOME/python/mybeautifullproject.py/mybeautifullproject/bin/python3 could not be run: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '$HOME/python/mybeautifullproject.py/mybeautifullproject/bin/python
Egual for pipenv:
:$ pipenv install requests
Warning: the environment variable LANG is not set!
We recommend setting this in ~/.profile (or equivalent) for proper expected behavior.
Creating a virtualenv for this project…
Pipfile: $HOME/python/mybeautifullproject.py/Pipfile
Using /usr/local/bin/python3 (3.6.8) to create virtualenv…
⠇ Creating virtual environment...Already using interpreter /usr/local/bin/python3
Using base prefix '/usr/local'
New python executable in $HOME/.local/share/virtualenvs/mybeautifullproject.py-oFlnu9vD/bin/python3
Also creating executable in $HOME/.local/share/virtualenvs/mybeautifullproject.py-oFlnu9vD/bin/python
ERROR: The executable $HOME/.local/share/virtualenvs/mybeautifullproject.py-oFlnu9vD/bin/python3 could not be run: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '$HOME/.local/share/virtualenvs/mybeautifullproject.py-oFlnu9vD/bin/python3'
✘ Failed creating virtual environment
[pipenv.exceptions.VirtualenvCreationException]: File "$HOME/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pipenv/cli/command.py", line 254, in install
[pipenv.exceptions.VirtualenvCreationException]: editable_packages=state.installstate.editables,
[pipenv.exceptions.VirtualenvCreationException]: File "$HOME/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 1741, in do_install
[pipenv.exceptions.VirtualenvCreationException]: pypi_mirror=pypi_mirror,
[pipenv.exceptions.VirtualenvCreationException]: File "$HOME/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 574, in ensure_project
[pipenv.exceptions.VirtualenvCreationException]: pypi_mirror=pypi_mirror,
[pipenv.exceptions.VirtualenvCreationException]: File "$HOME/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 506, in ensure_virtualenv
[pipenv.exceptions.VirtualenvCreationException]: python=python, site_packages=site_packages, pypi_mirror=pypi_mirror
[pipenv.exceptions.VirtualenvCreationException]: File "$HOME/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 935, in do_create_virtualenv
[pipenv.exceptions.VirtualenvCreationException]: extra=[crayons.blue("{0}".format(c.err)),]
[pipenv.exceptions.VirtualenvCreationException]:
Failed to create virtual environment.
Configuration
One only little system change will make our lives easier:
- create a folder user into
/usr/local, i.e.:
:# mkdir -p /usr/local/${my_user}/python - chown user and group rights:
:# chown -R ${my_user}:wheel /usr/local/${my_user} - create symbolic link:
:# ln -s /usr/local/${my_user}/python $home/python
Of course, replace ${my_user} by your id! ;-)
If you use pipenv, you need to create a new folder and symlink; read the
TL;DR below.
TL;DR
Replace ${my_user} by your session id!
⇒ For virtualenv:
:# mkdir -p /usr/local/${my_user}/python
:# chown -R ${my_user}:wheel /usr/local/${my_user}
:# ln -s /usr/local/${my_user}/python $home/python
⇒ For pipenv, you need to add more:
:$ mkdir /usr/local/$USER/python/virtualenvs
:$ ln -s /usr/local/$USER/python/virtualenvs $HOME/.local/share/virtualenvs
Documentations
- The pipenv: https://pipenv.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
- About the mount option wxallowed: EN